Summed from each venue's own hourly candles, not from adding up rolling 24h figures, which would count the same trade around two dozen times. Venues marked est publish no reachable candle history, so their figure is the mean trailing-24h reading across the window. That is an unbiased estimate of average daily volume rather than a measurement, and it is labelled so it never passes as one.

A day of volume divided by the open interest carrying it. Roughly 1x means positions are held; 10x means the same notional changes hands ten times a day. High turnover has honest explanations, such as a market-maker programme or a book that is genuinely short term, so read it as a question rather than a verdict.

Researched profiles without a live feed yet. Either the venue publishes no public market API, its data sits in on-chain program accounts, or it is deprecated. The written record is accurate; the numbers are simply absent rather than guessed.